Style sheet for HAES journal articles and references
1. References: Should follow the Publication Manual for the American Psychological Association (4th edition), although there is a 5th edition with guidelines for electronic references. *SEE BELOW FOR SPECIFICS.
2. Use only one space between sentences.
3. We like to use the serial comma consistently. This means including the comma before the conjunction (and or or) in a series or list of greater than three items: What, when, and how much to eat… or the failure of the industry’s useless, expensive, and dangerous products…
4. Generally, figures are used for numbers 1-9. Ten and above would be written in numerals: One, six, 10, 11, 55.
5. No apostrophe for dates: the 60s, 1990s.
6. Use the % symbol instead of the word percent.
7. Place short, descriptive titles below tables.
8. Spell the word bingeing with an “e.”
9. Generally, commas and periods come before quotation marks.
10. Hyphens:
a. Avoid overuse of hyphens. Use them only when needed to clarify the connection between two words. For example, body image concerns needs no hyphen because the meaning is clear without one.
b. Hyphenate compound adjectives: externally-directed eaters.
c. To set off a phrase or an interruption, use an “m” dash or “hard” hyphen, which is the longest hyphen you can create (coincidentally the width of the letter m). Shift/Option + hyphen or select from the Insert/Symbol menu. In most cases, dashes and hyphens are typed with no spaces on either side: women who are not overweight in cross-cultural or historical terms—let alone in any valid medical sense—see themselves as fat...
d. For a range of numbers, use the shorter n-dash (about the width of the letter n). Option + hyphen or select from the Insert/Symbol menu. See pages 12–27.
11. Use “an” not “a” before HAES: An HAES perspective. Also, HAES would be in italics if it being substituted for the journal title, but not if it referring to the concept. Gurze is proud to publish this first issue of HAES… or Gurze is proud to promote the HAES perspective.
12. Use title case for book and chapter titles. Capitalize the first and last words and all other words except articles (a, an, the); short prepositions (of, into, over, etc); conjunctions (and, but, or); and the infinitive to. The most common error lies in failing to capitalize a little word such as is—although small, it’s a verb and is important!
*REFERENCES (taken from 2 online sources)
[NOTE: A new APA style (5th Ed.) will be published soon. It will include revised guidelines for electronic citations. I have included samples below.]
The final presentation in all articles (unless tables or figures are included) is a complete reference list of all citations noted in the paper, including even this electronic journal citation (Rossman, 2000). Don't include references not cited. The general pattern of necessary elements is as follows: (a) author's last name, (b) author's initials as shown on the original source, (c) the year of the publication in parentheses, (d) the title (if an article or book capitalize the first word, proper names, and the first word after any colon; books should be underlined to show the words as italicized); (e) for journal articles use journal names, volume number (both italicized), and page numbers; for books use city, state (if city not well known), and the publisher. Each element generally concludes with a period. Multiple citations by the same author in the same year should be alphabetized (see the "References" section). See this article's reference list for several samples.
[Note: Only the fourth reference is a real source. All others are fictitious.]
Able, C. D. (in press). Adult learning is limitless. Journal of Adult Studies.
Able, C. D. (1991). Learning is lifelong. (Doctoral dissertation, Nebraska State University, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 4311A.
Adams, J. P., Calder, C., & Petering, I. S. T. (1983). The phenomenon of self-directed learning in Germany. (H. Van Zandt & P. Lenhert, Trans.). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
American Psychological Association. (1994). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Billings, B. B., Drake, S. F., Elias, N., Jones, S., & Peters, W. (1992). An ode to adult learning. Magazine of Adult Issues, 14(4), 4-10.
Diamond, B. H. (1983). The total adult learner. Unpublished manuscript, Hawaii State University, Center for Adult Studies, Honolulu.
Diamond, G. C. (1981, November 17). The older adult as a new learner. The Texas Evening Journal, pp. 4, 17.
Diamond, G. C. (1983, June). Older adults as new learners. Readers Digest, p. 43-49.
Drake, S. F., Adams, B., & Smith, J. H. (1992). Contemporary research on learning projects. In V. Q. Valquez & W. Walden (Eds.), Handbook of adult learning (pp. 310-317). Chicago: Chicago Books.
Rossman, M. H. (2000). Andragogy and distance education: Together in the new millennium. [On-line.] Available: http://www.nova.edu/~aed/horizons/vol14n1.htm.
Smith, J. H. (1986). Improving your chances. Adult Education Journal, 79, 17-21.
Smith, J. H., & Thomas, R. (1985a). Adults in a learning society. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of Adult Education Researchers, 24, 44-55.
Smith, J. H., & Thomas, R. (1985b). The learning society: A nationwide study (Occasional Paper No. 4). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, Center for Adult Studies. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 104 104)
Electronic media.
World Wide Web page:
_____Bixley, T. S. (1995) Sentient microfilaments Home Page.[On-line]. Available: http://www.microfilaments.com/consciousness/synchronicity/quantumtube.html.
Note that use of URLs is not specified in the APA style manual. However, the URL is increasingly recognized as the standard way of specifying addresses for retrievable documents on the internet. In general, give information which permits retrieval of the document. If it is on a CD-ROM, give the publisher; if it is from an on-line database, give the sponsoring organization or publisher.
